How to Improve the Quality of Compound Feed Production?

There are a lot of variables at play when it comes to the quality of the compound feed mix produced. Core to this is the premix. When the composition used is complex, the quality of the mix produced is top-notch; its quantity will be reduced and its physical chemistry significantly altered. But the primary focus is majorly on the stability and safety of the mix and which can only be achieved through a complex production process. (Buy small cattle feed making machine at factory price)

Small Movable Cattle Feed Processing Workshop

This is the newly developed movable cattle feed processing plant for small scale investment.

That being said, here's a quick primer on how you can scientifically stage-manage the production process for a top quality mix:

• Check the Chemical Formula Involved

The mix is produced through a chemical process, which means there has to be a formula involved. This formula is usually generated and recalculated in accordance to what's to be achieved in terms of quality, cost and efficiency of the final product. Speaking of which the formula you come up with must be in line with the latest breakthrough in animal nutrition, development levels, the science involved and the standards of the premix conditions set. （Buy the equipment from reliable ring die feed pellet machine factory >>）

The formula also has to factor in the dosage, usage and the variations to be used in the final product. Lastly, special attention has to be paid to some of the sensitive components used, particularly selenium and copper depending on the regulations set, as well as local conditions and production levels.

• Accuracy of the Ingredients Used

The scientific formula features accurate ingredient measurements.
That calls for advanced metering equipment, conflated with what's latest in terms of technology. For compounds such as copper and selenium where the slightest gaffe in terms of measurement could mean a grave problem, it's important that you also start paying special attention to dilution.

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• Mixing Uniformity

Start by choosing the most appropriate mixer. The safest bet will be to go for something that's uniform, and has special measures installed to prevent unnecessary vibrations, uplifts, falling and wind interferences. Stability of the mixer is also an issue worth being taken seriously if your concern is on the quality of the final product.

• The Raw Material Used

Simple logic demands that you pick the best quality of the raw products you can find for processing. This implies paying special attention to compatibility, storage period, storage conditions and everything else you suspect might have a tremendous effect on the quality of the final mix. (Read more about cattle feed plant layout and design)

• Usage

The final product has to be availed in special varieties meeting the needs of different users. This means diversifying and serializing it in terms of strength, usage and compatibility. All this should be well laid out and clearly distinguished in the packaging to avoid creating unnecessary confusion.

Small Poultry Feed Plant in Uganda

If you are willing to start a compound feed manufacturing business here is a project report of small poultry feed plant setup in Uganda. The production output is 1 ton per hou. If you own an edible oil production line, invest in a min feed mill can also make the best use of residue oil cakes or oil meals and make them into high quality  feed products with high value.

Pellet Feed Vs Extruded Feed in Process, Cost and Application

Aquatic mixed feed can generally be divided into pellet feed and extruded feed, so as for crayfish feed (pellet crayfish feed and extruded crayfish feed). Then what’s the difference between pellet feed and extruded feed?

Difference in Feed Making Process

First of all, let's look at the their differences in the feed manufacturing process. (How to make cattle feed pellets? )

Fish Feed Pellet Making Process

Small Fish Feed Making Machine

Electric feed mill for fish and shrimp is the best choice for home uses. Click the link the see more details of our small feed pellet machine. 

The processing flow of making pelleted fish feed generally includes crushing, mixing, pelletizing and cooling. The pellet size is decided by the diameter of pellet die. You can make fish feed pellets with different sizes by changing the pellet die. 

Two Tips for Fish Feed Processing

• The performance of the crusher will determine the grinding fineness of raw fodder materials. 
• The temperature of the crushed feed in conditioner is about 80-90 degrees. At this temperature, the feed powder can reach the semi-curing stage, so that the final produced fish feed pellets are also in semi-curing stage.  Here is a 40TPH complete Fish Feed Production Factory for your reference when you make your own business plan of establishing a commerical pellet fish feed plant.

Extruded Fish Feed Making Process

Floating Fish Feed Extruder for Sale

Lately a small to medium scale floating fish feed production line had arrived in Ecuador. The manufacturing process of extruded fish feed is generally the same as pelleted fish feed. But there are three differences:

• The fineness of fodder material after crushing is finer than that of pellet feed. 
• The temperature of feed extruding chamber in fish feed extrusion machine can reach up to 110-200 degrees. Extruded fish feed is produced under high temperature and high pressure, through the process of mixing, tempering, heating, curing, extruding, discharging. 
• The water content of extruded or expanded fish feed is much lower than that of pelletized feed. Due to the water lost in the process of high temperature and high pressure, 1.1 tons of raw feed materials can only made about 1 ton of extruded feed products. 

ABC Machinery is a reliable animal feed making machine factory. Just feel free to contact us (info@abcmach.com) whenever you have any questions on fish food making amchine. Read More: buy fish feed pellet machine in Nigeria

Difference in Property under Water

For granulated or pelleted feed, to ensure the stability under water, it is necessary to add a lot of adhesives such as high-gluten flour or other animal absorbable adhesives. While not needed for extruded feed pellets. Since extruded feed is cured, it can transform into swelling state like a sponge in the water.

Other Differences Between Compressed Feed Pelles and Expanded Feed

• Difference in Dust Content: Pelletized feed has more dusk content than extruded feed.
• Difference in Feed Processing Cost: The production cost of extruded (expanded) feed is 1-1.5 times that of pellet feed. 
• Difference in Nutrition Absorption for aquatic animal: The extruded fish feed is produced under high temperature and pressure which can eliminate the bacteria and improve the feed taste, so extruded feed is better than pelleted feed in nutrition absorption for fish and other aquatic animals. 
• Difference in Price of Feed Processing Machine: The price of extruded feed making machine is generally higher than normal feed pellet machine. Therefore, feed extruder machine is usually used to make high-grade fish feed.

Company Information

Website: https://www.abcmach.com

Email: info@abcmach.com

Things You Don't Know about Fish Feed Equipment

Increase your profits by using fish feed equipment

"We sell around the country for ￥20 to ￥25 per catty, and it's not a problem to buy one or two thousand tons a year." Zhu said with a happy face, in the local mainly sold to farm joy, the fish on the table more than double the price.

Zhu is a fish farmer, engaged in fish farming for many years. But as farmers have grown in recent years, and as fish feed prices have risen, fish farming has become less profitable. And last year, see a friend to buy their own small fish feed machine, their own processing feed, reduced feed costs.  Combined with scientific management, profits are much higher.

Fish Feed Processing Equipment for Sale

Small Feed Pellet Mill for Making Sinking Feed Pellets and Fish Bait

Floating Fish Feed Pellet Machine

Fish feed extruder machine is used for processing pellet feed. It is mainly feed raw material by aquaculture granulator after processing into granule. The benefit of pellets is that they reduce feed wastage and kill a lot of bacteria in high-temperature press, so the health is saved. (Read more about floating fish feed extrduder machine)

Normal growth of fish requires a sufficient amount of protein in the feed, easy to digest and absorb, and suitable proportion of various amino acids.When fish intake protein insufficiency, growth is slow, body immunity drops, various amino acid proportion suitable protein.When fish intake protein insufficiency, growth is slow, body immunity is reduced, tissue renewal is slow, wound healing strength is poor, susceptible to disease. (News: Catfish feed mill machine exported to Nigeria)

We know that fish feed is soaked in water for fish to eat, so it needs to be water resistant. The average good fish feed can be water-resistant for up to 3-6 minutes, giving the fish more time to eat. The use of pellet feed completely avoids these problems. Digestive enzymes secreted in high-temperature pressing can effectively improve the digestive ability and diet of animals. So if you use granules in farming, you can effectively improve the efficiency of fish farming.

In general, the more the fish feed, the lower the feed coefficient, the higher the absorption rate. It is also easier to feed on fish and avoid indigestion. Therefore, when machining with fish feed equipment, the smallest mold plate, such as 2mm or 2.5mm, is selected for fish consumption. Here is an article about starting a fish feed production line.

Company Information

Anyang Best Complete Machinery Engineering Co., Ltd

Website:
https://www.abcmach.com
http://gcmec.com

Email:
info@abcmach.com
info@gcmec.com

Cassava Production in Nigeria

Cassava is grown in all the states of the Federation with the current production level being about 45 million tones per annum; a figure expected to double by 2020. Nigeria is the leading cassava producer in the world, producing a third more than Brazil and almost double the production capacity of Thailand and Indonesia. Although it is the world leader in cassava production, 90% of the annual production in Nigeria is targeted for the domestic food market.

The Cassava Production in Nigeria

Cassava is predominately known as one of the traditional food to the local farmers in Nigeria. Cassava is one of the most popular and widely consumed food crops in Africa. The roots are processed to starch, ethanol, flour and garri—a staple. Other uses include akpu, and lafun.

Cassava is planted in almost every part of Nigeria and It has the potential to industrialize Nigeria more than any other product if its potentials are properly harnessed, cassava will not only be a white gold but an alternative to oil as a non-oil foreign exchange earner and a key instrument for job creation and catalyst for development.

Cassava is a drought surviving crop which is easy to grow and very simple to harvest. This is another reason why local farmers in Nigeria prefer to grow cassava. All parts of cassava are valuable. Cassava leaves can be used to make soup or as feed for livestock, the stems can be used for planting more cassava, for mushroom production or as firewood, the root can be cooked and eaten fresh or processed into flour. Cassava can also meet industrial needs such as the production of bio-fuel and starch for use in paper- and drug-making industries.

The potential for Nigeria’s starch market is huge, as Nigeria is the largest cassava growing country in the world, with an estimated annual output of 45m tons, which continues to grow annually. The High Quality Cassava Flour {HQCF} industry in Nigeria is dominated by small scale.

Cassava Starch and Cassava Flour

Products you can process from Cassava production are cassava flour and cassava starch (Tapioca).

Cassava Starch:
Tapioca is a starch extracted from the cassava root through a process of washing and pulping. The wet pulp is then squeezed to extract a starchy liquid. Once all the water evaporates from the starchy liquid, the tapioca flour remains. However, cassava flour is the whole root, simply peeled, dried and ground. Cassava starch is used by the food industry, but is also used by the paper and textile industry, as well as an adhesive in glass, mineral wool and clay.

Cassava Flour
The traditional cassava flour of indigenous people is made purely from the cassava root and processed until it is a soft coarse meal, similar to moist corn meal.
Properly, processed cassava flour in whatever state is healthy and can be a great substitute for persons looking for gluten free and wheat free flour.
Since cassava flour is gluten-free and wheat-free, the bread made from the flour can be used as a substitute for those who suffer from celiac disease.

Cassava bread is seen as an important part of indigenous peoples’ traditional diet. It is said to keep away ‘new-world’ diseases like diabetes, heart diseases, high blood pressure and obesity. Cassava, also known as manioc or yuca in the Americas, is widely used all over the world as a staple.

fish feed pellets making process

  General flowchart of fish feed pellets making

1. Raw material selection


Besides the nutritional value, the processing characteristics of aquatic feed raw materials should also be an important factor to be concerned about. The ideal processing characteristics of aquatic feed raw materials are not only manifested by larger output and less energy consumption in crushing, mixing or granulation, the more important point is that the final produced fish feed pellets must have good stability in water.

Starch is usually an important component in aquatic feeds, and the content of starch can be 5% to 60%. It is suggested that the starch content of sinking fish feed is 10% to 15%, and the starch content of floating fish feed is no less than 20%. In extruding fish feed pellets, carbohydrates act as adhesives, suspending agents, and emulsifiers. It is an important determinant of many structures and special sensory properties of extruded products.

2. Crushing
Crushing process can reduce raw material size to desired particle size. For producing 150-700kg/h fish feed pellets with regular requirements, the hammer mill is enough. For producing 1-10T/h fish feed pellets, the water-drop crusher is a must. For even larger aquatic feed manufacturing factory, the crushing process adopts secondary crushing technology, that is: first normal crushing, and then fine crushing.

3. Mixing
Mixing is one of the most important processes in aquatic feed production. If the physical properties of feed ingredients are the same, mixing is very simple. But as a matter of fact, the physical properties of feed ingredients are varied, and the problem of mixing and separation coexist. These physical properties include: particle size, particle shape, density or specific gravity, hygroscopicity, static charge and viscosity.
When adding material to the mixer, the smaller the ingredient is, the later it should be added., such as vitamins, minerals and drug premixture. Before adding oil or liquid, all dry ingredients must be mixed well (dry mixed). After dry mixing, spray oil or other liquids on the top, then mix again (wet mix). Horizontal twin screw mixer is the most commonly used mixer for aquatic feed. Usually there is a discharge port equal to the full length of the mixer at the bottom. Most fish feeds need to add some liquids. In some cases, they need to add some moist raw materials. In practice, it is generally allowed to add 10% of the liquid.

4. Conditioning (optional)
Conditioning is to add water and heat to the powdery material before making fish feed, it can: improve the digestibility and water resistance of feed, kill pathogenic bacteria. Usually this process is realized by wet type fish feed extruder, but its price is much higher. So, for ordinary fish feed production, this process is not necessary.

5. Fish feed pelletizing or extruding
For making fish feed pellets, there are mainly 2 types of machines: common feed pellet mill, fish feed extruder.

• Common feed pellet mill can produce sinking fish feed and fish bait. Compare to making livestock or poultry feed pellets, the production of fish feed using feed pellet mill has the following features: 1. higher compression ratio.
• Fish feed extruder：Nowadays, the most widely used fish feed extruder is single screw type. While the single screw fish feed extruder can also be divided into dry extruder and wet extruder. The fish feed extruder can produce all kinds of fish feed, like floating fish feed, sinking fish feed, slow sinking fish feed, and also semi-humid fish feed. However, as the feed extruding machine has complex operation, high price, and high production cost compared to common feed pellet mill, it is usually utilized in producing high grade aquatic feed.

6. Fish feed pellets drying
In order to prevent mildew of fish feed, aquatic feed must have good anticorrosive property. For fish feed factories, the most economical way is to reduce feed moisture, this is realized by dryer. The 3-layer drying machine can improve drying space and efficiency, at the same time screen fish feed pellets and seprate the powder. After heating and drying, the moisture content of the product is controlled below 11.5%, plus a well sealed outer package, generally, the feed can be stored safely for a long time. This physical anticorrosion method does not change the composition of feed, change the pH value of feed, nor affect the water quality of and feed quality. It is a safe and effective method.

7. Out-spraying
In fish or aquatic feed production, the edible oil and heat-sensitive components are usually sprayed by drum-type sprayer. When feed pellets fall, the vaporous liquid material is sprayed to them, so feed pellets can fully contact with droplets in the air. The main technical points of this external sparying technology are: (1) make the liquid atomized as much as possible. The smaller the droplets of atomization, the more uniform the distribution of liquid in the particles. To do this, the design of the spray nozzle is very important; (2) the weight of the particles and the liquid material match. The outside spraying process is a continuous operation process, so the water solubility of spraying liquid must be considered to avoid loss into the water.

8. Fish feed pellets cooling
The fish feed pellets, after spraying liquid, are conveyed to counter-flow cooler. The counter-flow cooler has many advantages in fish feed pellets processing, such as high automation, small air volume, low power consumption and small floor area.

Chicken Feed Production

Feed is made up of 85-90% grains, such as wheat, sorghum, barley, oats, lupins, soybean meal, canola and other oilseed meals and grain legumes.  For this reason, international grain prices affect the cost of production very significantly.

Meat chicken diets are formulated to strict nutritional standards. A rough guide to the specifications of some of the key nutrients needed by a growing meat chicken is:

Nutrient Specification of a Broiler Diet (Grower)
Energy	13 MJ/kg
Crude Protein	20.5%
Lysine (digestible)	1.1%
Total sulphur amino acids (digestible)	0.7%
Calcium	0.9%
Phosphorous (available)	0.4%
Sodium	0.2%
Chloride	0.2%

Generally speaking, cereal grains provide the energy component of the diet, and soyabean meal, canola meal and meat and bone meal primarily provide the protein. In some areas, grain legumes such as lupins are used as a component of broiler diets where they have the dual role of supplying energy and protein. Vegetable oils or animal fats (such as tallow) might be included in the diet to provide additional energy.

Meat chickens have very specific requirements for particular amino acids, which are the ‘building blocks’ of proteins. The amino acids lysine and methionine are also added to diets because they are generally not present in sufficient amounts in the grains and protein sources to meet the nutritional needs of the birds. Meat chicken diets are also fortified with additional vitamins and minerals and, where necessary, other essential amino acids to ensure that the broilers’ very precise requirements for these nutrients are met.

A ‘typical’ broiler feed might look something like the following.

Composition of a Typical Broiler Feed	%
Wheat	45.0
Sorghum	25.0
Soyabean Meal	12.0
Canola Meal	8.0
Meat & Bone Meal	7.0
Tallow	2.0
Lysine	0.3
Methionine	0.2
Vitamins & Trace Minerals	0.5
TOTAL	100

As the chicks grow, the composition and form of the feed is changed to match their changing nutritional needs and increasing mouth size. The ‘starter’ feed, which is in small crumbles just big enough for baby chicks to eat, is replaced with ‘grower’ feed as soon as they are large enough to eat fully formed pellets. After about 25 days, the chickens move on to a ‘finisher’ feed, and then often to a ‘withdrawal’ feed just before harvest.

Pelletized Feed Production

It is the best choice to feed poultry animals with pellets feed. During the feed pellet production, ingredients are ground, mixed together, steam conditioned and compressed into beak sized, well-formed pellets. The high temperatures applied in pelleting kill many bacteria that may be in the feed ingredients, essentially sterilising the feed. Some companies include whole grain mixed with pellets.

A flow diagram of the processes involved in the manufacture of chicken feed in a typical, large feed mill is below.

Corn fed and grain fed chicken is produced as the name indicates by feeding chickens a substantial diet of corn resp. grain. All chickens are fed grains as a major part of their diet. In Australia, the grain is mainly wheat and sorghum. The grains used will depend on the local availability so that in the US, for example, corn is the staple ingredient rather than wheat. Corn-fed chicken tends to have a slightly yellow appearance.

Chicken feed – what’s in it?

Chickens are fed diets that are formulated from a broad range of potential feed ingredients (predominantly grains) that are mixed together to meet the precise nutrient profile required by the bird at its different stages of growth.

As a result, chicken diets are primarily made up of macro ingredients such as cereal grains (eg wheat, barley and sorghum) and oilseed meals (such as soya bean or canola meal) or animal by-product meals.

Cereal grains make up between 60-70% of the diet and are the major source of energy in the diet. Other energy sources, such as plant or animal fats and oils, may be added to achieve the desired energy content of the diet.

As chickens are naturally omnivorous (that is, they eat both plant and animal materials), they have a higher requirement for protein than can easily be achieved by just eating cereal grains alone. To get sufficient protein into their diets (in excess of 20%), oilseed meals (like canola meal or soya bean meal) and sometimes an animal protein meal, will be added to their diets.

Chickens are very sensitive to the correct balance of vitamins, particular minerals and amino acids in their diets, so where the correct balance of these is not provided by the above macro-ingredients, these micro-ingredients will be added to make up any shortfall and / or correct any imbalances.

Chicken Feed Pellets

Doesn’t ‘look’ like grain? Virtually all meat chicken feed used in Australia is ‘pelleted’. That means that is has gone through a process of being compacted into a solid ‘pellet’, using steam and pressure to heat the ingredients to temperatures of about 85oC, which causes gelatinisation of the constituents in the mixture so that the pellet ‘sticks’ firmly together (see photo of pellets below). Prior to pelleting, the ingredients, including grains, are ground up and mixed together according to a defined formulation (or recipe) to achieve the desired combination of nutrients.

But wait…it’s not quite that simple! In fact in Australia, most diets fed to chickens will contain some whole grain (between 10-30% of the total diet), added back into the diet after pelleting, so that the finished feed is a mixture of both pellets and whole grain. This is done because research we have conducted here in Australia (and since reproduced elsewhere) has shown that providing some whole grain in the diet stimulates the chicken’s gizzard (a muscular part of the stomach that grinds grains and fibre into smaller particles; and is therefore a chicken’s equivalent of teeth) to function. Stimulating the chicken’s gizzard has been found to have long-term benefits in terms of bird health.

Most meat chickens produced in America, UK, Frence, Australia are‘grain fed’, as the major ingredient in all feed fed to meat chickens is grains, such as wheat, sorghum or barley. In Australia for example, grains such as these will constitute anywhere between 60 – 70% of the chicken’s diet.

Feed the Chicken with Compound Feed

The simplest way to feed a small flock of chickens is using complete feed . Complete feeds provide nutritionally balanced diets for chickens.

Today's chickens are descendants of the jungle fowl of Southeast Asia. Mature jungle fowl hens lay about 12 eggs per year, and only during the breeding season, but genetic selection has resulted in the development of a chicken that can lay almost 300 eggs per year and can lay year round. As a result of genetic selection and improved nutrition, hens start laying at a younger age and lay more, larger eggs, all with increased feed efficiency.

Complete feeds ave all the nutrients in the right proportions that chickens need. A balanced diet is necessary for optimal growth and production. If using a good diet that meets the dietary needs of the flocks, supplementing with other items will upset the balance of the diet. The ingredients used in different types of feed are similar, but the proportions vary depending on the particular chickens being fed. Each bag of feed is labeled with its specific use.

Common mistakes made with supplements include the following:
Providing vitamin and electrolyte supplements for more than 10 days
Supplementing complete feeds with cracked corn, oats, or other grains
Regularly adding green chops, lettuce, or other low nutrition ingredients to the diet
Administering inappropriate or unnecessary medication

A chicken's daily consumption of feed depends on the composition of the diet. Chickens typically adjust their feed intake in order to meet their energy requirements. As the energy content of a diet increases, feed intake decreases, and vice versa. Environmental temperatures also play an important role in determining how much feed a flock will consume. During hot weather, feed intake decreases. Feed intake increases during cold weather as chickens consume more to supply the extra energy needed to maintain regulation body temperature.

Chicken Feed Types - Mash, Crumble, Pellets

Feed Mash

To put it simply mash is a loose and unprocessed version of chicken feed. Similar to the texture of potting soil, mash is the finest variety of chicken feed commonly available. Mash is normally used for baby chickens, as it is easy to digest, however it is not uncommon for fully mature chooks to be fed mash. Some Chicken Ladies or Lads combine mash with hot water to create a porridge like texture that your flock will love to chow down on. Be mindful however of the fact that this method can cause the feed to expire more quickly. The main issue with mash varieties of chicken feed is that its texture often results in an increase of incidental waste, so bare that in mind.

Feed Crumble

In simple terms crumble is a coarse variety of mash but not as compact of pellets. Reminiscent of the texture of oatmeal, crumble is a semi-loose variety of chicken feed that is slightly easier to manage than mash. Some chicken lovers use crumble to bridge the gap between mash and pellets for their flock. Others claim that their girls just simply prefer the crumbly texture. Whatever your reasons for using crumble instead of mash or pellets at the end of the day it shouldn’t make any significant difference to your flock’s health.

Feed Pellets

Pellets are perhaps the most common variety of chicken feed available. Just like it sounds pellets are essentially little compact cylinders of chicken feed goodness. One of the benefits of using pellets is that they hold their shape nicle, which means they won’t go to waste if your ladies accidentally knock their feeder over. Easy to manage, store and serve, pellets often become the first choice for most backyard chicken keepers.

Chicken Feed for Different Growth Stage

Making sense of all the different varieties of chicken feed can be very confusing for first time and even semi-experienced chicken keepers. “Mash”, “grower feed”, “medicated or unmedicated”, there is so much jargon on the chicken menu it can genuinely be quite overwhelming. That’s why the Backyard Chicken Coops team have created this comprehensive glossary that will help you make sense of all the curious culinary chicken feed concepts.

Starter Chicken Feed
Starter feed is a protein dense variety of chicken feed designed to meet the dietary requirements of baby chicks. Generally speaking baby chicks can live comfortably on a diet of starter feed and water for the first 6 weeks of their life before progressing onto grower feed. The high protein content, usually between 20-24%, helps young chicks grow into playful pullets, however it’s imperative that you phase out the starter feed once they are 6 weeks old, otherwise the excess protein can cause liver damage.

To complicate matters, there are varieties of feed known as starter/grower feed, which is essentially a type of feed that chickens can eat from 1-20 weeks of age. But always read the label and consult the nearest poultry guru if you have any doubts.

Grower Chicken Feed
Grower feed in many ways is like chicken feed for teenage chooks. The dietary requirements for a chicken between 6 to 20 weeks old is very different from a baby chick. Essentially grower feed contains a protein content that is between 16-18% but has less calcium than regular layer feed. In an egg shell, grower feed supports the continuing growth of your teenage chookies without bombarding them with unnecessary vitamins and minerals that are more suited for fully grown laying hens. Once your girls start laying eggs that’s a good sign that they are ready for layer feed.

To get the lowdown on when you should expect the first eggs from your pullets, make sure you have a sticky beak at this eggcellent.

Layer Chicken Feed
For most of your flock’s life their diet will predominantly consist of scrumptious layer feed. Layer feed has an ingenious balance of protein, calcium and other vitamins and minerals that encourages top tier egg laying abilities in your flock. Protein wise layer feed contains similar levels of protein to grower feed, around 16-18%, however has extra calcium to ensure that their eggshells are crisp, clean and crunchy. Feeding layer feed to baby chicks or young pullets however will not meet their unique dietary requirements. Layer feed should only be fed to chickens around 20 weeks of age or once they have started to lay eggs.